Yes, glaucoma can be hereditary. Research indicates that genetics play a significant role in the risk of developing glaucoma, especially certain types such as primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). If a person has a family history of glaucoma, their risk of developing the condition is estimated to be 4 to 9 times higher than someone without a family history.
How is Glaucoma Passed Down?
Glaucoma is generally not linked to a single gene but rather a combination of genetic and environmental factors. However, there are specific genes that have been associated with an increased risk of developing glaucoma.
For example:
MYOC gene: Mutations in this gene are known to cause juvenile open-angle glaucoma and can also play a role in adult-onset primary open-angle glaucoma.
OPTN and WDR36 genes: These are other genes linked to glaucoma, and variations in these genes may increase an individual's susceptibility.
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Who is at Higher Risk?
Individuals with the following characteristics may have a higher risk of developing hereditary glaucoma:
Family History: First-degree relatives (parents, siblings) with glaucoma.
Ethnicity: African, Hispanic, and Asian descent are associated with a higher risk of developing certain types of glaucoma.
Age: The risk increases with age, especially after age 40.
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What Can Be Done If You Have a Family History?
If you have a family history of glaucoma, regular eye check-ups are crucial for early detection and management.
Eye exams can include:
Tonometry: To measure the pressure inside the eye.
Optic Nerve Assessment: To check for any damage that could indicate glaucoma.
Visual Field Test: To evaluate peripheral vision loss.
By identifying glaucoma early, treatments like medications, laser therapy, or surgery can help manage the condition and prevent further vision loss. It's essential to inform your eye doctor about any family history of glaucoma to determine the best course of action.
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